What are the common causes of vertigo?

Vertigo is commonly caused by issues related to the inner ear or the vestibular system. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a frequent cause, resulting from tiny calcium particles clumping up in canals of the inner ear, affecting balance. Another common cause is vestibular neuritis, an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, often following a viral infection, which disrupts balance. Meniere’s disease, characterized by fluid buildup in the inner ear and changing ear pressure, leads to episodes of vertigo along with hearing loss and tinnitus.

Beyond these, head injuries can lead to vertigo by affecting the inner ear or brain’s balance-processing areas. Migraine headaches, particularly vestibular migraines, can also cause vertigo symptoms, even without the typical migraine pain. Less commonly, vertigo can be a symptom of more serious conditions like a stroke, brain tumor, or multiple sclerosis, particularly when accompanied by other neurological symptoms.

The exact cause can vary greatly from person to person, and sometimes, the cause remains unidentified. Diagnosing the specific reason for vertigo typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, and sometimes, additional tests. It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.